a GIST OF WATER QUALITY ACTIVITIES iNTAMIL NADu by state ground and surface water resources data centre, wro/pwd, chennai |
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Water Quality IN Tamilnadu Water is the nature’s
gift and water resources comprises of Surface Water, Ground Water and
Marine water. It requires for all living things in the universe including
human being. Though water is available in the universe in the order of 1.4
m.km3, only 3% is available for the beneficial use.
Now-a-days, the water demands have
increased manifold due to increase in population, and the industrial
developments. It has its own impact on air, land, sub-surface either
directly or indirectly in a phased manner. It necessitates the assessment
of water quality for the purpose of drinking, agriculture and industrial
use. Sources
of Water
Rainfall is the only source of water supply both for Ground and
Surface bodies. The water available in tanks, river, streams, odai etc.
are called as Surface Water. The Rain water that percolates through soil
and stored in the sub-surface is termed as Ground Water. The presence of
soluble minerals and salts present in the Geological Strata increases the
dissolved solids in Ground Water. Contamination of Water The Rain Water is the purest form
of water available for our use. When it reaches through the atmosphere and
contact with the earth, it dissolves all the water soluble gases and salts
both in the atmosphere and in earth. The major sources for the ground and
surface water contamination are due to the discharge of domestic sewage,
industrial effluents, waste water from agriculture activities and sea
water intrusion in the coastal area. v
Domestic Sewage contains high organic material
causing depletion of dissolved oxygen and increasing bacteriological
contamination. v
Industrial effluents are having various toxic chemicals
which increase the dissolved salts causing bio-degradation and
deterioration of both ground and surface water. v
Agricultural run off contains fertilizers, pesticide
residue which causes health hazards and ecological degradation and also
affect the aquatic life. v
sea water intrusion
is the major problem in the coastal
areas. It arises, when the extraction of water is more than the recharge
to the aquifer. The water pollution affects public health, agricultural production and also industrial activities. |